![]() An investigative study of enrichment reduction impact on the neutron flux in the in-core flux-trap facility of MTR research reactors. Xoubi, N., Darda, S.A., Soliman, A.Y., and Abulfaraj, T. Presented at the symposium on nuclear energy-SIEN, pp. Cobalt-60 production in CANDU power reactors. A pulsed neutron determination of the thermal neutron absorption cross-section of cobalt-59. OpenMC: a state-of-the-art Monte Carlo code for research and development. Romano, P.K., Horelik, N.E., Herman, B.R., Nelson, A.G., Forget, B., and Smith, K. The impact of cobalt-60 source age on biologically effective dose in high-dose functional Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Kann, B.H., James, B.Y., Stahl, J.M., Bond, J.E., Loiselle, C., Chiang, V.L., Bindra, R.S., Gerrard, J.L., and Carlson, D.J. IAEA-TECDOC-1340, manual for reactor produced radioisotopes. Livermore, CA (United States): Lawrence Livermore National Lab.(LLNL). Joint assessment of ETRR-2 research reactor operations program, capabilities, and facilities. Monte Carlo simulation of the ETRR-2 research reactor using the MCNP Code. Soliman: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Supervision.Ĭonflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.Īziz, M. It was also shown that a higher production rate may be achieved by decreasing the diameter of the pencils and increasing their number while Co-59 mass is kept constant.Īuthor contribution: Abdulrahem Judaibi: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Project administration. Results show that the ETTR-2 is capable of producing Co-60 with a specific activity of 83.89 Ci g −1 in 263 ± 14 days following the placement of eight Co-59 pencils with 0.77 cm diameter, 32 cm in height, and 74.506 g each. ![]() Reactor geometry and calculations were carried out using OpenMC Monte Carlo code to obtain the effective multiplication factor K eff, the flux distribution, and the production yield of Co-60 with respect to time. IAEA reference for Co-60 specifications was used to set the comparison criteria for generating different configurations. This simulation study compares the production yield of Co-60 for different Co-59 pencil configurations within the irradiation box inside the in-core neutron flux trap. The ETRR-2 research reactor is designed with an in-core neutron flux trap that accommodates space for placement of an irradiation box, which makes it suitable for the production of radioisotopes as an in-core fixed facility. It may be produced in research reactors from the stable isotope cobalt-59 by neutron activation when a fission neutron is absorbed in the Co-59 nucleus. or death.Cobalt-60 is an artificial radioisotope with a wide range of applications in many industries for its high intensity gamma-rays and longer half-life. Mishandling of a large industrial source of Co-60 could result in an external exposure large enough to cause skin burns, acute radiation sickness radiation sicknessA serious illness that can happen when a person is exposed to very high levels of radiation, usually over a short period of time. Cobalt-60 absorbed by the liver, kidneys, or bone tissue can cause cancer from internal exposure to gamma radiation. Most Co-60 that is ingested is excreted in feces however, a small amount is absorbed by the liver, kidneys and bones. Cobalt and Healthīecause it decays by gamma radiation, external exposure to Co-60 can increase cancer risk. Such exposures are carefully controlled to avoid adverse health impacts and to maximize the benefits of medical care. Most exposure to Co-60 takes place intentionally during medical tests and treatments. The global Cobalt-60 market was valued at USD 254 million in 2020 and it is expected to reach USD 366.5 million by the end of 2027, growing at a CAGR of 5.3 during 2021-2027. Though relatively rare, exposure has also occurred by accidental mishandling of a source at a metal recycling facility or steel mill. ![]() Accidental exposures may occur as the result of loss or improper disposal of medical and industrial radiation sources. As much as 30 per cent of Congos cobalt comes from so-called artisanal mines.(Foreign Correspondent: Michael Davie)But the violent rush to extract cobalt is unleashing a new cycle of misery and. It is also used for radiation therapy in hospitals. Cobalt-60 is used as a radiation source in many common industrial applications, such as in leveling devices and thickness gauges.
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